In the harsh Arctic tundra, survival runs on a strict budget of calories and minerals, and every nutrient matters. Yet female reindeer and caribou invest precious energy into growing something that ...

It’s a common belief in the world of deer that males have antlers and females don’t, but reindeer serve as the exception. Both male and female reindeer grow antlers. This is a trait that no other ...

UC Associate Professor Joshua Miller holds a female caribou antler he collected from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Researchers observed that caribou routinely gnaw on shed antlers while grazing ...