Alexis de Tocqueville tried to save the French Second Republic by working with a rogue president the restraints of law could not hold. Alexis de Tocqueville tried to make an American-style ...

Two ‘second republics’ The first French republic (1848–1852) after the French Revolution had given way to monarchy. The second French republic was established through the revolution of 1848 ...

He convened the Estates-General, made up of the Roman Catholic clergy (the First Estate) the nobility (the Second Estate), and ... in Western history, the French Revolution. Violence spread ...

The concept of a second republic draws from France’s own historical trajectory. For centuries, France was ruled by a monarchy until 1789, when the French Revolution began. The monarchy was ...