With global population growth and rising food demand, agriculture ensures food supply while bringing severe environmental problems. Among these, agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) has ...

Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of water quality degradation, with pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus carried by farmland surface runoff being important sources.

Rapid and accurate identification of pollution sources is critical for emergency management but remains challenged by the high computational cost and uncertainty of traditional numerical models. To ...