Preoperative renal artery embolization of RCC with IVC thrombus may reduce blood loss and improve dissection outcomes in well-selected patients undergoing nephrectomy and thrombectomy. Preoperative ...

The inferior vena cava (also known as IVC or the posterior vena cava) is a large vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the torso and lower body to the right side of the heart. From there the ...